What is Data Encryption? - Definition & Meaning
Data encryption is the process of encoding data so only authorized parties can read it. Learn how encryption works and why it is essential.
Definition
Data encryption is the process of converting readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using a cryptographic algorithm and a key. Only parties who possess the correct key can decrypt and read the data.
Technical Explanation
Encryption is divided into symmetric encryption (same key for encryption and decryption, e.g., AES-256) and asymmetric encryption (public and private key, e.g., RSA, ECC). TLS/SSL encrypts data in transit between client and server. Encryption at rest protects stored data in databases and file systems. Key management is crucial: keys are secured in Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) or Key Management Services (KMS) like AWS KMS or Azure Key Vault. Hashing algorithms (bcrypt, Argon2) are used for passwords, where the original data cannot be retrieved.
How Refront Uses This
Refront encrypts all data both in transit (TLS 1.3) and at rest (AES-256). Passwords are hashed with bcrypt. API tokens and sensitive configuration data are stored in secure vaults. Encryption keys are managed via a managed KMS service with automatic key rotation.
Examples
- •All communication between the Refront app and the server runs over TLS 1.3, preventing data interception.
- •Client data in the database is encrypted with AES-256, so even in case of a data breach the data is unreadable.
- •Passwords are stored as bcrypt hashes, making it impossible to retrieve the original password.
Related Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between encryption and hashing?
Encryption is reversible: with the correct key, the original data can be retrieved. Hashing is one-way: the original data cannot be retrieved from the hash. Hashing is used for passwords, encryption for data that needs to be read later.
Is AES-256 secure enough?
AES-256 is considered military-grade encryption and is currently practically unbreakable with existing technology. It is recommended by NIST and is the standard for governments and financial institutions worldwide.
What is end-to-end encryption?
End-to-end encryption (E2EE) means data is encrypted on the sender's device and only decrypted on the receiver's device. Even the service provider cannot read the data. This provides the highest level of privacy.
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